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When a tree dies all the nutrients that were collected
and stored during the life cycle of the tree become available again. The
dry bark loosens and this allows animals and plants such as fungi and
wood-boring insects to take up residence. These insects make tunnels and
egg-chambers in the dead wood and they become water channels through which
bacteria and other insects can enter. The log becomes soft over time and
provides food and shelter for an increasing number of species. Snails
and insect larvae eat the fungi and parts of the dead wood. The log eventually
expands and animals such as birds and snakes are able to take refuge there.
Old, hollow logs often become suitable dwellings for the red fox.
Early civilisations often developed where crops grew
readily, which was why the open grassy areas on the Coversands with poorly
developed woodland made an ideal location for settlements. Nobody knows
how old grasses really are. The first fossils of grasses are dated at
over 26 million years old and these fossils look remarkably similar to
the grasses we see today. Grasses are one of the most successful plants
in the entire world. They are a ble to take root in any crevice and can
be found in extreme environments such as in the Antarctica, on mountain-tops
or in deserts. There are approximately 3500 species of grass in the world
and they are vital in our environment as they hold soil together and prevent
erosion.
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